<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- Generated by CompSci Transform (tm) - http://www.compsciresources.com -->
<!-- Created: Mon Feb 09 21:30:18 UTC 2026 -->
<linkbase xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2025/ecd-2025.xsd#PvpDisclosure" roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpDisclosure"/>
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpDisclosure" xlink:type="extended">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2025/ecd-2025.xsd#ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="ecd_PvpTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2025/ecd-2025.xsd#ecd_PvpTable"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProfitLoss"/>
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" order="101" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount"/>
<!-- [WMV6][mQXlDdNeT2iddNEoPlbHyn9CQfq9D7cT9cvgz60Dme0iRWdRhJSdLtHFTmK2l4OQNpmcomFzpX76HJWYWBffjZpbGnJr4Yro9QSbQ801yPAjRlRWtRp/M2WfcrL02gsFf6n/QYovjEpu68MuutxfAtSKk2P2pUs0QTNmoBcjJXQLmAkz818aWLIlrm3k843lYPZTfr6jvCm+S70GHSGRgQ0wWaN8JAvIhqOPOpPN9cM/3qsea20MXZWy+dq+bMpzdjabk+KMMGsMvKbcYQouqtWZZBVIm82RVYL/kbqOuah3z7Sjg+o65eqBy/4DeIG3WIQgC8SNWbZoHTT99KC/A1umeTYs9CCsZoJWbhPUQP87b+AAggDPsGmupB+y9w==] CSR-->
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" order="102" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label"/>
  </presentationLink>
</linkbase>
